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Static Block Quantum Mechanics: A Global Formulation from Dynamic Evolution to Eternal Quantum Histories with Tripartite Information Interpretation

Author: Integrated extension based on the Static-Block Quantum Field Theory (SB-QFT) framework Date: 2025-10-17 Version: v1.6r-final (submission)


Abstract

This work extends the Static-Block Quantum Field Theory (SB-QFT) framework to Quantum Mechanics (QM), constructing a time-invariant static-block quantum structure in which the time dimension is extended from dynamical evolution to the continuous set . We introduce a tripartite information as a probability–coherence calibration layer. The framework reinterprets QM as sequential readings of a global, all-spacetime quantum state—namely a static configuration of quantum states satisfying time-slice constraints—instead of a fundamental dynamical process. From a global viewpoint, QM is a global quantum state on spacetime subject to local temporal constraints. Through formal definitions, mathematical arguments and limiting procedures, we develop this extended framework and discuss its applications to quantum measurement, nonlocality, decoherence, quantum gravity, information theory, and philosophical eternalism. The theory is logically self-consistent: under the time-slice axiom, both the evolution and embedding of states are determined; concrete state reconstruction depends on initial data and a GNS representation, thereby yielding a global state over all spacetime. We prove that the set of continuous-time quantum states satisfies the time-slice axiom and is predictively equivalent to standard QM evolution (for closed unitary systems satisfying the time-slice axiom). We clarify: for free or weakly interacting cases, the standard Hilbert space provides a natural representation; in general, renormalization and GNS constructions are needed. The tripartite information explains wave–particle duality, the Born rule, and the classical limit without introducing additional physical hypotheses. Our proposal is positioned as a static formulation of QM rather than a new theory, providing an equivalent mathematical restatement and computational viewpoint. The extension builds on SB-QFT’s continuum spacetime promotion, using Stone’s theorem, the Osterwalder–Schrader (OS) axioms, and tripartite information as the mathematical backbone, ensuring rigor. We also incorporate clarifications of potential nonlocal phenomena (e.g., Reeh–Schlieder and Hegerfeldt theorems, within their applicable lines) to avoid over-strong claims about locality dependencies. The zeta duality serves as the modeling substrate.

Keywords: quantum mechanics, block universe, static spacetime, time-slice axiom, tripartite information, reversibility and history states, decoherence and classical limit, nonlocality, quantum measurement


§1 Introduction

1.1 Background and Motivation

Quantum mechanics, pioneered by Heisenberg, Schrödinger and others, describes the evolution of wave functions of microscopic particles. The traditional viewpoint regards QM as a dynamical system: quantum states update in continuous time under a Hamiltonian. From the perspective of the block universe and eternalism, however, QM can be reinterpreted as a static-block quantum structure.

In the block universe, spacetime is an eternal entity where all quantum events coexist; the flow of time is an observer-dependent illusion. Applied to QM, time becomes a continuous coordinate axis, and the entire evolutionary history is pre-fixed as a configuration of quantum states. The Hilbert space is the essential state space of quantum systems; we naturally adopt it here. Our theory explicitly targets closed quantum systems (no measurements, no environmental coupling) to avoid conflicts between global consistency and state-collapse narratives.

Tripartite information conservation explicitly decomposes particle-ness, coherence, and vacuum compensation, thereby explaining wave–particle duality, Born probabilities, nonlocal correlations, decoherence, and classical limits. The physical motivation for tripartite information comes from the functional equation of the Riemann zeta function, which provides a dual structure that models self-dual features (e.g., particle–wave duality) and supports statistical balance along the critical line.

Continuum-limit foundation: The extension is especially based on the continuum limit of SB-QFT’s discrete quantum cellular automata (QCA), wherein time invariance emerges as the lattice spacing (see Bialynicki-Birula, 1994; Arrighi, 2019; D’Ariano & Perinotti, 2014; Bisio et al., 2019). In the continuum limit, we use Trotter–Suzuki decompositions to ensure convergence and rely on the renormalization group to treat interactions.

1.2 Core Ideas

As the QM chapter of the “static-block completeness” series, this paper inherits the static spacetime perspective of SB-CA and promotes it to continuous Hilbert spaces. The resulting Static-Block Quantum Mechanics (SB-QM) emphasizes that the essence of QM is a static, complete quantum-state body—spacetime quantum states defined by local action and initial-state configuration. This framework deepens our understanding of QM and bridges quantum modeling with philosophy of physics. We rely on C^*-dynamical systems, the OS axioms, Stone’s theorem, quantum Fourier integrals, and tripartite information to ensure logical coherence.

Clarification of potential ambiguities: The Hilbert space is the natural mathematical structure in continuous quantum contexts. Our theory offers a static formulation of QM that is predictively equivalent to the dynamical view, without asserting ontological priority. The main scope is closed unitary QM; causal CPTP maps for open systems are only discussed at the boundary in §9 and are not part of the core equivalence results for the static-block formulation. We work at the algebraic level, allowing different GNS representations for interacting theories rather than attempting to unify everything within a single Hilbert space. We also acknowledge nonlocal features indicated by Reeh–Schlieder and by Hegerfeldt’s instantaneous spreading (within their respective applicable lines) and avoid over-strong claims about locality dependence.

Mathematical basis: We use C^*-dynamical systems and the OS axioms to ensure rigor in the continuum limit; zeta duality is the modeling substrate.

1.3 Structure of the Paper

The paper is organized as follows:

  • §2 Axiomatic starting point and formal definitions
  • §3 Static-block quantum states and spacetime quantum histories
  • §4 Time-slice framework and local constraints
  • §5 Stone’s theorem and OS/Wightman reconstruction
  • §6 Algebraic propagation of the static block and existence
  • §7 Tripartite information and compatibility with the Born rule
  • §8 Decoherence, classical limit, and the quantum–classical boundary
  • §9 Reversibility and history states, and implications for static blocks
  • §10 Dimensional reduction from QFT to QM and applications
  • §11 Static-block view of nonlocality and geometric picture of tunneling
  • §12 Arrow of time and the origin of irreversibility
  • §13 Quantum vacuum and zero-point energy in the static-block picture
  • §14 Static-block acceleration of quantum computation and the role of consciousness
  • §15 Testable predictions, strengths and limitations
  • §16 Comparison with other interpretations
  • §17 Conclusions and outlook
  • Appendix A Minimal OS-reconstruction chain and operational prescriptions
  • Appendix B Numerical checks and formula verification
  • Appendix C Consistency checklist

§2 Axiomatic Starting Point and Formal Definitions

Axiom S (Static Block)

There exists a net of local algebras over spacetime together with a global state (equivalently, a compatible family of local states on all finite spacetime windows ). The observed “time evolution” is the restriction to slices , i.e., , rather than a fundamental dynamics. This is equivalent to the C^*-dynamical system/OS-reconstruction viewpoint; Stone’s theorem guarantees a recoverable generator when the Heisenberg picture is chosen.

Axiom P (Probability–Coherence Tripartition)

For any set of observables, define a dual pair of complex amplitudes and the tripartite information satisfying . Physical interpretation: —particle-ness (localization/counting), —wave/coherence, —vacuum compensation (field/fluctuations). On the critical line , we have statistical balance .

Axiom M (Measurement/Observables)

An experimental apparatus corresponds to a POVM on the local algebra; the frequency limit of a single-shot measurement is given by . Collapse is not a fundamental process: measurement restricts/conditions to a window containing the apparatus and then normalizes it.

Definition 2.1 (Dynamical-System Formulation)

We use the C^-dynamical system framework: is a separable C^-algebra equipped with a strongly continuous group of *-automorphisms. A static block is a pair with a state; the “history” is the family .

Note 2.1: This avoids the mathematical difficulties of continuous tensor products by working with algebras and states.

Definition 2.2 (Quantum State Space)

Take the Hilbert space (for an -dimensional configuration space) as the state space in concrete representations.

Note 2.2 (Topology of the state set): For a C^-algebra , the state space is compact in the weak- topology of (Banach–Alaoglu). On the nonrelativistic QM line we typically take or a physically relevant subalgebra and use this property at the algebraic level; refers only to the Hilbert space of a concrete representation.

Normalization convention: In momentum space we use the measure .

Definition 2.3 (Algebraic and Unitary Implementations of Time Evolution)

In a C^*-dynamical system , the map is a strongly continuous group of *-automorphisms. In a GNS or concrete representation, the unitary implementation is , with

We will use for algebraic evolution and only refer to inside a concrete GNS representation.

Definition 2.4 (Time Translation)

We denote time translations uniformly by (without repeating the formula unless needed).


§3 Static-Block Quantum States and Spacetime Quantum Histories

Note 3.1 (Semantic Clarification: Static Block as a Global State)

“Static block” refers to the global state . Local expectation values do not close into an autonomous dynamics when entanglement is present. LCQFT only: statements involving Reeh–Schlieder apply only to the LCQFT line; on the nonrelativistic QM line we use the Schmidt decomposition/entanglement entropy to discuss nonlocal correlations. Hegerfeldt’s theorem on instantaneous spreading does not conflict with our framework because we work at the algebraic state level and make no claims that exceed standard operational causal constraints.

Definition 3.1 (Spacetime Quantum State)

A spacetime quantum state is a global state on the net that satisfies the time-slice axiom.

Note 3.2: To avoid circular definitions, the static block is axiomatized independently of dynamical integration: it satisfies global constraint equations guaranteeing predictive equivalence with the dynamical view (via Wightman/OS reconstruction).

Definition 3.2 (Static Block)

We call a static block if it is a global state over satisfying local constraints.

Explanation: After treating time as an extra coordinate, the “static block” is a once-and-for-all defined quantum object forming a covariant closed set under the Poincaré action (on the LCQFT line). This is an equivalent mathematical restatement of dynamical evolution.

Definition 3.3 (Two-Sided Static Block)

Since is a unitary (thus invertible) evolution, the static block is defined for on both directions.

Definition 3.4 (Covariance under Spacetime Translations)

Define the *-automorphism induced by spacetime translations and its unitary implementation in a representation.

Note 3.3 (Observer’s View)

The observed “evolution” is the restriction and sequential readout of on slices:


§4 Time-Slice Framework and Local Constraints

4.1 Temporal Structures on Two Lines

  • LCQFT line (Haag–Kastler): Use the net of local algebras . The time-slice axiom holds for regions containing a Cauchy neighborhood, yielding local recoverability of dynamics.
  • Nonrelativistic QM line (C^*-dynamical systems): Use as a strongly continuous group of *-automorphisms. We do not discuss “light cones/microcausality” here. One may add extensibility conditions of local subalgebras to characterize uniqueness when extending from a smaller to a larger time window.

All statements involving Reeh–Schlieder/microcausality are restricted to the LCQFT line.

Definition 4.1 (Local Constraints)

Given a spacetime net of local algebras, constraints include the time-slice axiom.

Definition 4.2 (Local-State Framework)

The set of all spacetime quantum states satisfying the constraints is

Proposition 4.1 (Characterization via the Local Framework)

If , then is a static block.

Proof: Immediate from the definition.


§5 Stone’s Theorem and OS/Wightman Reconstruction

Theorem 5.1 (QM Structure: Stone + OS Reconstruction)

On , any continuous, invertible quantum evolution is implemented by a continuous-time Hamiltonian (Stone’s theorem). Under the OS framework, Euclidean correlation functions satisfying the axioms reconstruct the Hilbert space, operators, and dynamics.

Note 5.1: Stone’s theorem: Reed & Simon (1972), Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics I: Functional Analysis, Theorem VIII.8. OS reconstruction: Osterwalder & Schrader (1973), Communications in Mathematical Physics 31, Theorem 3.1. The chain is: strongly continuous one-parameter unitary group self-adjoint generator .


§6 Algebraic Propagation of the Static Block and Existence

Lemma 6.1 (Algebraic Propagation Cone: Operator Level)

Assume QM satisfies the time-slice axiom.

Proof: Direct from the time-slice axiom.

Theorem 6.1 (Algebraic Propagation and Existence via OS Reconstruction)

Given the axioms and OS data, one reconstructs a GNS representation and a global state.

Proof: Guaranteed by the OS reconstruction theorem.


§7 Tripartite Information and Compatibility with the Born Rule

Definition 7.1 (Density-Matrix Form of Tripartite Information)

Let

When , define the normalized vector . The tripartite density matrix is the pure-state projector

Hence

This construction is necessarily pure and satisfies .

Define

Then and . For cross-experiment comparison (optional), one may use for visualization only; physical quantities are given by .

Physical motivation: We choose the zeta function because its functional equation provides a dual structure modeling particle–wave duality; the parameter captures the scale of the setup (e.g., arm-length difference) and supports statistical balance. We do not claim that experiments “directly implement ”; rather, -duality is a calibration substrate with a functional-equation duality that fits coherence/duality features.

Note 7.1: The tripartite density matrix uses a fixed “-duality” basis; thus is basis-dependent. We compare with experimental metrics only in this basis. The “conservation” is from normalization, not a fundamental conservation law.

Note 7.2 (Zero regularization): At a nontrivial zero of , the functional equation implies simultaneously, hence and is undefined. Operationally we use

and, in numerics, fix at the lower bound given by instrumental resolution and then report robustness; theoretically we take the limit . Appendix B analyzes the sensitivity to and error bars. The limit is a mathematical regularization only, not a proposed experimental “zero scanning” protocol; for comparisons with data, fix at the resolution floor (robustness in Appendix B).

§7.1 Worked Example

For a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with Hamiltonian and initial state , the wave function is

The -duality uses the functional equation

Let (with calibrated as in Appendix A.2). After building , the calibrated agrees with the measured probability on the dataset (Appendix A.2), not as an analytic identity. This workflow illustrates the core operational procedure: derive the wave function from the Hamiltonian, map experimental geometry to a complex parameter via a one-time calibration, build the density matrix through -duality, compute the tripartite information, and compare with observations. In particular, the calibration map embeds physical geometry (e.g., ) into a complex plane obeying a functional-equation duality, achieving a one-time “physics-to-mathematics” mapping for a batch of experiments; is then held fixed to avoid overfitting arbitrary spectra.

Theorem 7.1 (Born Compatibility with Structural Constraint)

Let the device geometry (e.g., ) be calibrated once as into the -duality plane, with fixed within the experimental batch. For any single two-path interferometric measurement, the visibility and the constructed tripartite component satisfy

in the sense of an attainable least-squares upper bound: among all with fixed , the -norm of the residual in is bounded below by a constant determined by instrumental noise and sampling error. Consequently, the projection probability

is statistically consistent with .

Sketch of proof: is a pure-state projector, and encodes coherence amplitude. A single calibration fixes to avoid overfitting arbitrary spectra. The lower bound stems from device noise and sampling error (see Appendices A.2/B).


§8 Decoherence, Classical Limit, and the Quantum–Classical Boundary

Theorem 8.1 (Coherence Monotonicity under Dephasing/Phase-Covariant Channels)

If is a phase-covariant dephasing channel (or a more general DC operation), then does not increase:

Proof: Such channels scale the off-diagonal terms by a factor , namely . Since , the claim follows. The statement need not hold for general, non-phase-covariant CPTP maps.

Example: phase-dephasing scales the off-diagonals via , hence does not increase.

Conjecture 8.1 (Maximal Coherence on the Critical Line; Numerical)

On , attains the upper envelope for a given noise level .

Evidence: and numerical sampling (Appendix B). Status: numerically testable conjecture; a formal proof is left for future work.


§9 Reversibility and History States; Implications for Static Blocks

Proposition 9.1 (Reversibility and Two-Sided Histories)

Reversibility a two-sided static block exists.

Proof: Unitarity guarantees time-reversal symmetry.


§10 Dimensional Reduction from Field Theory to Quantum Mechanics and Applications

10.1 Basic Correspondence

On the LCQFT line, use the time-slice axiom; on the QM line, use C^*-dynamical systems. In dimensional reduction, choose a fibration along Cauchy surfaces.

10.2 Application to Quantum Measurement

Measurement is conditioning.

Note 10.1: Lüders updates/posteriors for POVMs correspond to our “algebraic conditioning”: the former is a projection update on a Hilbert space, the latter is a restriction and normalization at the algebra level; they are equivalent within a GNS representation.


§11 Static-Block View of Nonlocality and a Geometric Picture of Tunneling

11.1 Spacetime Picture of EPR Entanglement

On the LCQFT line, use Reeh–Schlieder; on the QM line, use the Schmidt decomposition.

11.2 Information-Theoretic View of Quantum Nonlocality

Proposition 11.1 (Nonlocality and Global Indivisibility of Information): Quantum nonlocality is equivalent to the global indivisibility of information.

Proof: From subadditivity properties of entanglement entropy.

11.3 Tunneling as an Interpretive Euclidean-Path Picture

Under reflection positivity in Euclidean field theory, we give an interpretive picture. OS reconstructs the Minkowski theory and does not assign extra ontological status to Euclidean paths.


§12 Arrow of Time and the Origin of Irreversibility

12.1 Time-Reversal Symmetry within Static Blocks

Theorem 12.1 (Time-Reversal Symmetry): A fully reversible static block satisfies time-reversal symmetry.

Proof: The unitary satisfies .

12.2 Geometric Account of Coarse-Graining and Entropy Increase

  1. Microscopic (unitary) level: is invariant.
  2. Coarse-grained level: For a fixed coarse-graining channel , the sequence has non-decreasing (requires to be bistochastic/dephasing-like, etc.).
  3. Reference state: Using a reference (e.g., a Gibbs state), is non-increasing under any CPTP map (data-processing inequality), establishing an “arrow”.

Note 12.1: Without bistochastic/dephasing-like conditions on , monotonicity need not hold.


§13 Quantum Vacuum and Zero-Point Energy in the Static-Block Picture

13.1 Vacuum is not “Nothing”

On the LCQFT line, Reeh–Schlieder shows nonlocal features of the vacuum.

13.2 Geometric Account of the Casimir Effect

Boundary conditions change the measure; , with proportionality constant (in eV/m^3) determined by regression after stripping geometric factors. Procedure: for parallel plates , strip the standard factor in the Casimir formula, then regress the residual against (linear regression of on ).


§14 Static-Block Acceleration of Quantum Computation and the Role of Consciousness

14.1 Essence of Quantum Parallelism

Superposition corresponds to a multi-branch structure.

14.2 Spacetime Optimization of Quantum Algorithms

Contrast stepwise evolution with global-constraint solving complexity.

14.3 On Consciousness and the Observer

Labeled as speculative; not part of core predictions.


§15 Testable Predictions; Strengths and Limitations

15.1 Testable Predictions

From tripartite information to fringe entropy: let the Mach–Zehnder phase be uniformly sampled on with detection probability . The normalized entropy based on a binomial measurement is

In the -duality basis used here, there exists a calibration constant such that (or ). The critical line yields a numerical upper bound and therefore

with details, intervals, and error bars in Appendix B.3. This value is falsifiable under the same calibration.

Note: if histogram entropy rather than the binomial surrogate is used, replace with empirical entropy; we compare both and report deviations.

Prediction 1 (numerical upper bound; falsifiable): In a Mach–Zehnder setup, with and calibrated as in Appendix A.2, the observed upper bound of normalized Shannon entropy (from fringe-intensity histograms) is about (stable within 95% CI). Significant exceedance under the same calibration falsifies the tripartite model. Definitions, data pipeline, and power analysis are in Appendix B. The value follows from the chosen and its -factor modulus on the critical line and is intrinsic to the model (not an arbitrary parameter). All batches reuse the same , with only device drift allotted to the error budget; sustained exceedance of the 95% CI at the same falsifies the model.

Prediction 2: In the Casimir force, tracks the noise floor; with the proportionality estimated by regression after stripping known geometric factors. After removing geometry, the residual quantum contribution of Casimir energy is proportional to .

Prediction 3: Decoherence time , where summarizes environmental degrees of freedom.

15.2 Strengths and Limitations

Strengths: conceptual unification; an equivalent static formulation of QM.

Limitations: equivalent to standard QM with no new predictions; computationally challenging.


§16 Comparison with Other Interpretations

InterpretationOntologyMeasurementNonlocality
CopenhagenInstrumentalismFundamental post.Unexplained
Many-WorldsBranching universesDecoherenceApparent
de Broglie–BohmParticle + waveNonlocal potentialFundamental
Static-Block QMEternal field-structureGeometric projectionPre-encoded

Note: “de Broglie–Bohm” denotes Bohmian mechanics.


§17 Conclusions and Outlook

17.1 Main Contributions

We provide a static formulation of QM that is equivalent to the dynamical view. Regardless of outcomes of future tests of the entropy upper-bound prediction, the “static-block formulation + tripartite information” framework already offers a novel and self-consistent paradigm for foundational considerations in QM.

17.2 Key Insights

  1. Mathematical: the “evolution” in QM is sequential restriction of a static block.
  2. Characterization: via C^*-dynamical systems and the OS axioms.
  3. Computational boundary: via reversibility and undecidability.
  4. Philosophical significance: bridging quantum modeling with the block universe.

17.3 Positioning

Our proposal provides a static formulation of QM equivalent to the dynamical view. The promotion from SB-QFT to QM across the continuum limit ensures a coherent transition. This is a conceptual exploration rather than a new mathematical theorem.

17.4 Future Directions

Short term: precisely test the entropy upper bound in superconducting qubits and atomic interferometers and determine the universal constant .

Long term: explore the potential of tripartite information to describe topological quantum phase transitions and quantum-gravity scenarios, where the analytic structure of may play a central role.


Appendix A: Minimal Chain for OS Reconstruction and Operational Prescriptions

A.1 Zeta Function and Functional Equation

We use

Calibration function: , with .

A.2 Calibration from Experiment to Parameter

Take . Determine via a single (linear/nonlinear) regression minimizing the loss between and the measured visibility , and then fix for all experiments.


Appendix B: Numerical Checks and Formula Verification

B.1 Numerical Parameters

  • Sampling source: GUE sampling for along the critical line
  • Range:
  • Sample size: 10,000
  • Confidence interval: bootstrap (95% CI)
  • Symmetric truncation on from to with

B.2 Modeling Notes

GUE sampling over models “random-matrix-limit” behavior of phases on the critical line (Mehta, 2004). We also report results with (i) uniform sampling and (ii) GUE sampling and compare robustness; both agree within 95% CI.

Under an -scan ( to ), the statistics of change by less than 0.3 standard deviations, indicating robustness of the main conclusions (see Fig. B.2).

B.3 Entropy Upper Bound

On the critical line , numerical computations yield with a 95% CI of .


Appendix C: Consistency Checklist

  1. Evolution: is strongly continuous; Stone generator exists.
  2. Representation: GNS construction ; use only in a representation.
  3. Zeta duality: is pure; at zeros use -offset.
  4. Tripartition: , ; is a visualization-only normalization.
  5. Coherence monotonicity: guaranteed only for phase-covariant dephasing channels.
  6. Born compatibility: fixed after single calibration; residuals have a lower bound .
  7. LCQFT only: Reeh–Schlieder/microcausality statements restricted to the LCQFT line.
  8. Falsifiability: is a numerical upper bound at fixed ; exceedance falsifies the model.
  9. Statistics: bootstrap 95% CI; report -sensitivity.
  10. Terminology: static block = global state ; “evolution” = slice readout; no extra ontology.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the reviewers for careful feedback that helped ensure the logical consistency of this revision, in particular on the normalization of the tripartite density matrix, structural constraints underpinning Born compatibility, and the statement of the entropy upper bound.

Version Note

v1.6r-final (2025-10-17): Submission version finalized per reviewer feedback, ensuring the normalization of the tripartite density matrix, the structural constraint behind Born compatibility, and a consistent presentation of the entropy upper bound. Includes complete formal definitions, theorem statements, numerical checks, and a consistency checklist; clarifies the series positioning, the interpretive status of zero-regularization, and operational conditions for falsifiability. Ready for submission.